what tool do you use to attach a terminator or connector to the end of a cable?
What is Network Cabling?
Cable is the medium through which data usually moves from ane network device to some other. There are several types of cablevision which are ordinarily used with LANs. In some cases, a network volition utilize only one type of cable, other networks will utilise a diverseness of cablevision types. The blazon of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. Understanding the characteristics of different types of cablevision and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.
The following sections discuss the types of cables used in networks and other related topics.
- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
- Coaxial Cable
- Fiber Optic Cable
- Cable Installation Guides
- Wireless LANs
- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Twisted pair cabling comes in 2 varieties: shielded and unshielded. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most popular and is generally the best option for school networks (See fig. i).
Fig.1. Unshielded twisted pair
The quality of UTP may vary from telephone-grade wire to extremely high-speed cable. The cablevision has four pairs of wires within the jacket. Each pair is twisted with a dissimilar number of twists per inch to aid eliminate interference from next pairs and other electrical devices. The tighter the twisting, the higher the supported transmission rate and the greater the cost per pes. The EIA/TIA (Electronic Manufacture Association/Telecommunication Industry Association) has established standards of UTP and rated half dozen categories of wire (boosted categories are emerging).
Categories of Unshielded Twisted Pair
| Category | Speed | Use |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | i Mbps | Voice Merely (Telephone Wire) |
| 2 | 4 Mbps | LocalTalk & Telephone (Rarely used) |
| iii | xvi Mbps | 10BaseT Ethernet |
| iv | 20 Mbps | Token Ring (Rarely used) |
| 5 | 100 Mbps (two pair) | 100BaseT Ethernet |
| 1000 Mbps (four pair) | Gigabit Ethernet | |
| 5e | i,000 Mbps | Gigabit Ethernet |
| half-dozen | 10,000 Mbps | Gigabit Ethernet |
Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector
The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45 connector. This is a plastic connector that looks like a large telephone-style connector (Come across fig. 2). A slot allows the RJ-45 to exist inserted only one manner. RJ stands for Registered Jack, implying that the connector follows a standard borrowed from the telephone manufacture. This standard designates which wire goes with each pin inside the connector.
Fig. ii. RJ-45 connector
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Although UTP cable is the least expensive cable, it may be susceptible to radio and electrical frequency interference (it should not be also close to electrical motors, fluorescent lights, etc.). If you must place cable in environments with lots of potential interference, or if you lot must place cable in extremely sensitive environments that may be susceptible to the electrical current in the UTP, shielded twisted pair may exist the solution. Shielded cables tin also assistance to extend the maximum distance of the cables.
Shielded twisted pair cable is bachelor in 3 different configurations:
- Each pair of wires is individually shielded with foil.
- There is a foil or complect shield inside the jacket roofing all wires (as a grouping).
- At that place is a shield effectually each individual pair, as well as effectually the entire group of wires (referred to as double shield twisted pair).
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cabling has a single copper usher at its heart. A plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal shield (Meet fig. 3). The metal shield helps to cake whatever exterior interference from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computers.
Fig. three. Coaxial cablevision
Although coaxial cabling is difficult to install, it is highly resistant to signal interference. In addition, information technology tin can support greater cable lengths between network devices than twisted pair cable. The two types of coaxial cabling are thick coaxial and thin coaxial.
Thin coaxial cable is also referred to every bit thinnet. 10Base2 refers to the specifications for thin coaxial cable carrying Ethernet signals. The 2 refers to the approximate maximum segment length being 200 meters. In actual fact the maximum segment length is 185 meters. Thin coaxial cable has been popular in school networks, especially linear bus networks.
Thick coaxial cable is too referred to as thicknet. 10Base5 refers to the specifications for thick coaxial cablevision carrying Ethernet signals. The 5 refers to the maximum segment length being 500 meters. Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic comprehend that helps go along moisture abroad from the center usher. This makes thick coaxial a great selection when running longer lengths in a linear bus network. One disadvantage of thick coaxial is that it does not bend hands and is difficult to install.
Coaxial Cable Connectors
The most common blazon of connector used with coaxial cables is the Bayone-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector (See fig. 4). Dissimilar types of adapters are available for BNC connectors, including a T-connector, butt connector, and terminator. Connectors on the cablevision are the weakest points in any network. To assistance avert problems with your network, always use the BNC connectors that crimp, rather screw, onto the cablevision.
Fig. iv. BNC connector
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cabling consists of a center glass cadre surrounded by several layers of protective materials (See fig. v). It transmits light rather than electronic signals eliminating the trouble of electric interference. This makes information technology ideal for certain environments that contain a large amount of electrical interference. It has as well fabricated information technology the standard for connecting networks between buildings, due to its immunity to the furnishings of moisture and lighting.
Fiber optic cable has the ability to transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair. It also has the adequacy to carry information at vastly greater speeds. This capacity broadens communication possibilities to include services such every bit video conferencing and interactive services. The cost of fiber optic cabling is comparable to copper cabling; however, it is more difficult to install and modify. 10BaseF refers to the specifications for fiber optic cable carrying Ethernet signals.
The center core of cobweb cables is made from glass or plastic fibers (meet fig 5). A plastic coating then cushions the fiber center, and kevlar fibers assist to strengthen the cables and prevent breakage. The outer insulating jacket fabricated of teflon or PVC.
Fig. 5. Fiber optic cable
In that location are two common types of fiber cables -- unmarried mode and multimode. Multimode cable has a larger diameter; notwithstanding, both cables provide loftier bandwidth at high speeds. Unmarried mode can provide more altitude, but it is more than expensive.
| Specification | Cable Type |
|---|---|
| 10BaseT | Unshielded Twisted Pair |
| 10Base2 | Thin Coaxial |
| 10Base5 | Thick Coaxial |
| 100BaseT | Unshielded Twisted Pair |
| 100BaseFX | Fiber Optic |
| 100BaseBX | Single way Fiber |
| 100BaseSX | Multimode Fiber |
| 1000BaseT | Unshielded Twisted Pair |
| 1000BaseFX | Fiber Optic |
| 1000BaseBX | Single style Fiber |
| 1000BaseSX | Multimode Fiber |
Installing Cablevision - Some Guidelines
When running cable, it is best to follow a few unproblematic rules:
- Always use more cablevision than you need. Get out plenty of slack.
- Exam every part of a network as you install information technology. Fifty-fifty if it is brand new, it may take issues that will be difficult to isolate later.
- Stay at to the lowest degree iii feet abroad from fluorescent calorie-free boxes and other sources of electrical interference.
- If it is necessary to run cablevision across the flooring, comprehend the cable with cable protectors.
- Label both ends of each cable.
- Use cable ties (not tape) to go along cables in the same location together.
Wireless LANs
More and more than networks are operating without cables, in the wireless mode. Wireless LANs utilize high frequency radio signals, infrared light beams, or lasers to communicate betwixt the workstations, servers, or hubs. Each workstation and file server on a wireless network has some sort of transceiver/antenna to send and receive the data. Information is relayed between transceivers as if they were physically connected. For longer altitude, wireless communications can also take place through cellular phone engineering science, microwave transmission, or by satellite.
Wireless networks are smashing for allowing laptop computers, portable devices, or remote computers to connect to the LAN. Wireless networks are also beneficial in older buildings where it may be difficult or impossible to install cables.
The two most common types of infrared communications used in schools are line-of-sight and scattered broadcast. Line-of-sight communication means that in that location must be an unblocked directly line between the workstation and the transceiver. If a person walks within the line-of-sight while there is a transmission, the information would demand to be sent again. This kind of obstruction tin slow downwards the wireless network. Scattered infrared advice is a broadcast of infrared transmissions sent out in multiple directions that bounces off walls and ceilings until it eventually hits the receiver. Networking communications with laser are most the same equally line-of-sight infrared networks.
Wireless standards and speeds
The Wi-Fi Brotherhood is a global, not-profit organization that helps to ensure standards and interoperability for wireless networks, and wireless networks are often referred to equally WiFi (Wireless Fidelity). The original Wi-Fi standard (IEEE 802.xi) was adopted in 1997. Since and so many variations accept emerged (and will keep to sally). Wi-Fi networks use the Ethernet protocol.
| Standard | Max Speed | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|
| 802.11a | 54 Mbps | 150 feet |
| 802.11b | eleven Mbps | 300 feet |
| 802.11g | 54 Mbps | 300 anxiety |
| 802.11n | 100 Mbps | 300+ feet |
Wireless Security
Wireless networks are much more susceptible to unauthorized use than cabled networks. Wireless network devices use radio waves to communicate with each other. The greatest vulnerability to the network is that rogue machines can "eves-driblet" on the radio wave communications. Unencrypted information transmitted can be monitored by a third-party, which, with the right tools (gratis to download), could chop-chop proceeds access to your unabridged network, steal valuable passwords to local servers and online services, alter or destroy data, and/or access personal and confidential information stored in your network servers. To minimize the possibility of this, all modern access points and devices have configuration options to encrypt transmissions. These encryption methodologies are nevertheless evolving, as are the tools used by malicious hackers, so always apply the strongest encryption bachelor in your admission point and connecting devices.
A NOTE ON ENCRYPTION: As of this writing WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption can be easily hacked with readily-bachelor gratis tools which circulate the internet. WPA and WPA2 (WiFi Protected Access versions ane and 2) are much better at protecting data, but using weak passwords or passphrases when enabling these encryptions may allow them to be easily hacked. If your network is running WEP, you must be very conscientious almost your utilise of sensitive passwords or other data.
Three basic techniques are used to protect networks from unauthorized wireless use. Utilize whatsoever and all of these techniques when setting upwardly your wireless access points:
- Encryption.
- Enable the strongest encryption supported by the devices yous will exist connecting to the network. Use strong passwords (potent passwords are generally defined equally passwords containing symbols, numbers, and mixed instance letters, at least fourteen characters long).
- Isolation.
- Utilise a wireless router that places all wireless connections on a subnet independent of the primary private network. This protects your private network data from pass-through internet traffic.
- Hidden SSID.
- Every access bespeak has a Service Set IDentifier (SSID) that by default is circulate to client devices and so that the access point tin can be found. Past disabling this feature, standard client connection software won't be able to "see" the access point. However, the eves-dropping programs discussed previously can easily find these access points, so this lonely does little more than keep the admission point proper noun out of sight for casual wireless users.
Advantages of wireless networks:
- Mobility - With a laptop computer or mobile device, access can be available throughout a school, at the mall, on an airplane, etc. More than and more businesses are also offering free WiFi admission ("Hot spots").
- Fast setup - If your computer has a wireless adapter, locating a wireless network can be equally simple equally clicking "Connect to a Network" -- in some cases, yous will connect automatically to networks within range.
- Price - Setting upwardly a wireless network tin can be much more than price effective than buying and installing cables.
- Expandability - Adding new computers to a wireless network is equally piece of cake as turning the computer on (equally long every bit you do not exceed the maximum number of devices).
Disadvantages of wireless networks:
- Security - Be careful. Be vigilant. Protect your sensitive information with backups, isolated private networks, stiff encryption and passwords, and monitor network access traffic to and from your wireless network.
- Interference - Considering wireless networks utilize radio signals and similar techniques for transmission, they are susceptible to interference from lights and electronic devices.
- Inconsistent connections - How many times have you hears "Look a minute, I just lost my connection?" Considering of the interference acquired by electrical devices and/or items blocking the path of transmission, wireless connections are not near as stable every bit those through a dedicated cable.
- Speed - The transmission speed of wireless networks is improving; yet, faster options (such as gigabit Ethernet) are bachelor via cables. If you are merely using wireless for cyberspace access, the actual net connectedness for your dwelling or schoolhouse is generally slower than the wireless network devices, so that connection is the bottleneck. If you are also moving large amounts of data around a private network, a cabled connection will enable that work to keep much faster.
Source: https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm
0 Response to "what tool do you use to attach a terminator or connector to the end of a cable?"
Publicar un comentario